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"GREAT PERSONALITIES:
BRAIN VS. BRAWN"
BY M.N. BUNKER, FOUNDER
AMERICAN INSTITUTE
OF GRAPHO-ANALYSIS
KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI (MO)
COPYRIGHT 1940
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES
SIMPSON PRINTING
48 PAGE PAPERBACK
STAPLE BINDING
ENDORSEMENT FOR SCHOOL AND VALIDITY OF THE SCIENCE
BOOK IS FULL OF SEPIA TONE IMAGES
PERIOD AND EARLIER PHOTOS
DEPICTING WELL KNOWN BODY BUILDERS AND STRONG MEN OF THE DAY
ATHLETES AND PERFORMERS
SUCH AS:
JACK DEMPSEY
DR. A.A. ROLLO
W.A. PULLUM
LARRY HOGAN
CHARLES ATLAS (NUDE BEHIND)
D.D. MISTRY
STAFF SARGEANT MOSS IN COD PIECE
BARTON HORVATH IN BANANA SLING
EARLE E. LIEDERMAN
MARIANO G. ANTONIO
CHARLES MCMAHON
PHIL CAMPISI
GEO. F. JOWETT
SIEGMUND KLEIN
THE GREAT BARNES
HAN SHING WAN
RARE!
OBSCURE!
HARD TO FIND!
NO OTHER COPY ON-LINE!!
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FYI
Graphology is the pseudo scientific study and analysis of handwriting, especially in relation to human psychology. In the medical field, the word can be used to refer to the study of handwriting as an aid in diagnosis and tracking of diseases of the brain and nervous system. The term is sometimes incorrectly used to refer to forensic document examination.
Graphology has been controversial for more than a century. Although supporters point to the anecdotal evidence of thousands of positive testimonials as a reason to use it for personality evaluation, most empirical studies fail to show the validity claimed by its supporters.
Etymology
From grapho- (from the Greek γραφ?, "writing") and logos (from the Greek λ?γος, "speech"); cf.: Anthropology, Psychology, Biology, Geology. There also exist many other words formed from the same root: Graphopathology, Graphomaniac, Graphistic, Graphopsychology, Psychographology, Graphometric, Graphometry, Graphoanalysis, Graphotechnology.
Basic tenets
Graphology is based upon the following basic assertions:
When we write, the ego is active but it is not always active to the same degree. Its activity waxes and wanes; being at its highest level when an effort has to be made by the writer and at its lowest level when the motion of the writing organ has gained momentum and is driven by it.
When the action of writing is comparatively difficult, the writer uses those forms of letters which are simpler or more familiar.
The muscular movements involved in writing are controlled by the central nervous system. The form of the resultant writing movement is modified further by the flexibly assembled coordinative structures in the hand, arm, and shoulder; which follow the principles of dynamical systems. The specific writing organ (mouth, foot, hand, crook of elbow) is irrelevant if it functions normally and is sufficiently adapted to its function.
The neurophysiological mechanisms which contribute to the written movement are related to conditions within the central nervous system and vary in accordance with them. The written strokes, therefore, reflect both transitory and long term changes in the central nervous system such as Parkinson's disease, or alcohol usage.
The movements and corresponding levels of muscular tension in writing are mostly outside of conscious control and subject to the ideomotor effect. Emotion, mental state, and biomechanical factors such as muscle stiffness and elasticity are reflected in a person's handwriting.
One must examine the handwriting or drawing movements by considering them as movements organized by the central nervous system and produced under biomechanical and dynamical constraints. Given these considerations, graphologists proceed to evaluate the pattern, form, movement, rhythm, quality, and consistency of the graphic stroke in terms of psychological interpretations. Such interpretations vary according to the graphological theory applied by the analyst.
Most schools of thought in graphology concur that a single graphological element can be a component of many different clusters, with each cluster having a different psychological interpretation. The significance of the cluster can be assessed accurately by tracing each component of the cluster back to their origins and adapting the meaning of the latter to the conditions of the milieu in which the form appears.
History
Three books have been claimed to be the first book on graphology:
1.Juan Huarte de San Juan's 1575 Examen de ingenios para las ciencias. This was first proposed by Jean-Charles Gille in 1991.
2.Prospero Aldorisio's 1611 Idengraphicus nuncius
3.Camilo Baldi's Trattado come de una lettera Missiva si conoscano la nature e qualita dello scriviente which was unofficially published in 1622. The 1625 edition was probably the first authorized edition of Baldi's book. In American graphology, this is considered to be the first book.
Around 1830 Abbe Michon became interested in handwriting analysis. He published his findings shortly after founding Societe Graphologique in 1871. The most prominent of his disciples was J. Crepieux-Jamin who rapidly published a series of books that were soon published in other languages. Starting from Michon's integrative approach, Crepieux-Jamin ended up with a holistic approach to graphology.
Alfred Binet was convinced to do research into graphology from 1893 to 1907. He ended up calling it "The science of the future", despite graphologists' rejecting the results of his research.
After World War I, interest in graphology continued to spread in Europe as well as the United States. In Germany during the 1920s, Ludwig Klages founded and published his finding in Zeitschrift für Menschenkunde (Journal for the Study of Mankind). His major contribution to the field can be found in Handschrift und Charakter.
Thea Stein Lewinson and J. Zubin modified Klage's ideas, based upon their experience working for the U.S. Government, publishing their method in 1942.
In 1929 Milton Bunker founded The American Grapho Analysis Society teaching Graphoanalysis. This organization and its system split the American graphology world in two. Students had to choose between Graphoanalysis or Holistic Graphology. Whilst hard data is lacking, anecdotal evidence indicates that 10% of the members of International Graphoanalysis Society(IGAS) were expelled between 1970 and 1980. By the time Peter Ferrera died in 1991, the decimation of IGAS members had resulted in a decline of the influence of Graphoanalysis, and IGAS on American graphology.
Klara G. Roman was the most prominent of the German refugee scholars. Her books are still considered to be foundations for contemporary American Holistic graphology. She taught at the New School for Social Research in New York, and was succeeded there by Daniel S. Anthony and Florence Anthony.
Handwriting Workshops Unlimited was organized by Charlie Cole as a series of lectures for advanced students of Graphoanalysis. These lectures featured holistic graphologists such as Thea Lewinson and Klara Roman. By 1960 all of the participants had been expelled by IGAS. These individuals went on to form the American Handwriting Analysis Foundation. Later mass expulsions of IGAS members led to the formation of other societies, such as the American Association of Handwriting Analysts that were orientated towards Holistic graphology.
In 1972 talks between the American Handwriting Analysis Foundation and the American Association of Handwriting Analysis started, with the aim to form a single organization. Those talks resulted in the creation of the Council of Graphological Societies in 1976.
Since the rise of the Internet in the early 1990s, the graphology organizations have suffered major declines in membership. However, due to email lists, communication between graphologists representing different approaches has increased.
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