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VINTAGE COIN SILVER / 813H
POWEDERED SUGAR SIFTING SPOON
MASTER CRAFTED BY ARTISAN
JOHANN ADVARD APPLEGREN
1918 - 1980
VASSA FINLAND
c. 1951
HALLMARK WITH THE CROWN
"JA"
"813H"
THE PICTURE OF A TREE
ENGRAVED ON THE REVERSE 'FRAN FINLAND'
MONOGRAM ON THE FACE WITH THE SCRIPT LETTERS "AH"
MEASURES ABOUT 7" LONG
POWEDERED SUGAR SIFTING SPOON
MASTER CRAFTED BY ARTISAN
JOHANN ADVARD APPLEGREN
1918 - 1980
VASSA FINLAND
c. 1951
HALLMARK WITH THE CROWN
"JA"
"813H"
THE PICTURE OF A TREE
ENGRAVED ON THE REVERSE 'FRAN FINLAND'
MONOGRAM ON THE FACE WITH THE SCRIPT LETTERS "AH"
MEASURES ABOUT 7" LONG
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FYI
Finland (Finnish: Suomi [ˈsuo̯mi]; Swedish: Finland [ˈfɪ̌nland], Finland Swedish: [ˈfinlɑnd]), officially the Republic of Finland (Finnish: Suomen tasavalta, Swedish: Republiken Finland is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden to the west, Russia to the east, Estonia to the south, and north-eastern Norway to the north. The capital and largest city is Helsinki. Other major cities are Espoo, Tampere, Vantaa, Oulu, Turku, Jyvaskyla, Lahti and Kuopio.
Finland's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019, the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish, a Finnic language from the Uralic language family, unrelated to the Scandinavian languages. Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities, and includes an autonomous region, the Aland Islands. Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area, which produces one third of the country's GDP. Swedish is the second official language of Finland, which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Aland. A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.
Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended, approximately 9000 BC. Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC. The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions. At the time Finland had three main cultural areas – Southwest Finland, Tavastia and Karelia. From the late 13th century, Finland gradually became an integral part of Sweden through the Northern Crusades and the Swedish part-colonisation of coastal Finland, a legacy reflected in the prevalence of the Swedish language and its official status.
In 1809, Finland was incorporated into the Russian Empire as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland. In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant all adult citizens the right to vote, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, Finland declared itself independent. In 1918, the fledgling state was divided by civil war, with the Bolshevik-leaning Red Guard, supported by Soviet Russia, fighting the White Guard, supported by the German Empire. After a brief attempt to establish a kingdom, the country became a republic. During World War II, Finland fought the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War and lost some land, but maintained independence.
Finland remained largely an agrarian country until the 1950s. After World War II, the war reparations demanded by the Soviet Union forced Finland to industrialise. The country rapidly developed an advanced economy while building an extensive welfare state based on the Nordic model, resulting in widespread prosperity and a high per capita income. Finland is a top performer in numerous metrics of national performance, including education, economic competitiveness, civil liberties, quality of life, and human development. In 2015, Finland was ranked first in the World Human Capital and the Press Freedom Index and as the most stable country in the world during 2011–2016 in the Fragile States Index, and second in the Global Gender Gap Report. It also ranked first on the World Happiness Report report for 2018 and 2019.
Finland joined the United Nations in 1955 and adopted an official policy of neutrality. The Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948 gave the Soviet Union some leverage in Finnish domestic politics during the Cold War. Finland joined the OECD in 1969, the NATO Partnership for Peace in 1994, the European Union in 1995, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997, and the Eurozone at its inception in 1999.
Finland's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019, the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish, a Finnic language from the Uralic language family, unrelated to the Scandinavian languages. Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities, and includes an autonomous region, the Aland Islands. Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area, which produces one third of the country's GDP. Swedish is the second official language of Finland, which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Aland. A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.
Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended, approximately 9000 BC. Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC. The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions. At the time Finland had three main cultural areas – Southwest Finland, Tavastia and Karelia. From the late 13th century, Finland gradually became an integral part of Sweden through the Northern Crusades and the Swedish part-colonisation of coastal Finland, a legacy reflected in the prevalence of the Swedish language and its official status.
In 1809, Finland was incorporated into the Russian Empire as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland. In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant all adult citizens the right to vote, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, Finland declared itself independent. In 1918, the fledgling state was divided by civil war, with the Bolshevik-leaning Red Guard, supported by Soviet Russia, fighting the White Guard, supported by the German Empire. After a brief attempt to establish a kingdom, the country became a republic. During World War II, Finland fought the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War and lost some land, but maintained independence.
Finland remained largely an agrarian country until the 1950s. After World War II, the war reparations demanded by the Soviet Union forced Finland to industrialise. The country rapidly developed an advanced economy while building an extensive welfare state based on the Nordic model, resulting in widespread prosperity and a high per capita income. Finland is a top performer in numerous metrics of national performance, including education, economic competitiveness, civil liberties, quality of life, and human development. In 2015, Finland was ranked first in the World Human Capital and the Press Freedom Index and as the most stable country in the world during 2011–2016 in the Fragile States Index, and second in the Global Gender Gap Report. It also ranked first on the World Happiness Report report for 2018 and 2019.
Finland joined the United Nations in 1955 and adopted an official policy of neutrality. The Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948 gave the Soviet Union some leverage in Finnish domestic politics during the Cold War. Finland joined the OECD in 1969, the NATO Partnership for Peace in 1994, the European Union in 1995, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997, and the Eurozone at its inception in 1999.
The culture of Finland combines indigenous heritage, as represented for example by the country's national languages Uralic Finnish and Germanic Swedish, the sauna, with common Nordic, and European culture. Because of its history and geographic location Finland has been influenced by the adjacent areas, various Finnic and Baltic peoples as well as the former dominant powers of Sweden and Russia. Finnish culture may be seen to build upon the relatively ascetic environmental realities, traditional livelihoods and a heritage of egalitarianism, (see e.g.: Everyman's right and universal suffrage) and the traditionally widespread ideal of self-sufficiency (see, e.g.: the predominant rural life but also more modern manifestations of such a life in the summer cottage).
There are still cultural differences between Finland's regions, especially minor differences in accents and vocabulary. Minorities, some of which have a status recognised by the state, such as the Sami, Swedish-speaking Finns, Romani, Jews, and Tatar, maintain their own cultural characteristics. Many Finns are emotionally connected to the countryside and nature, as large-scale urbanisation is a relatively recent phenomenon.
There are still cultural differences between Finland's regions, especially minor differences in accents and vocabulary. Minorities, some of which have a status recognised by the state, such as the Sami, Swedish-speaking Finns, Romani, Jews, and Tatar, maintain their own cultural characteristics. Many Finns are emotionally connected to the countryside and nature, as large-scale urbanisation is a relatively recent phenomenon.
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The first date mark was used in the 18th Century. Large towns used their own systems until a single national system was introduced in 1759. The first year received the letter A, the next year, B, and so on. After going through the alphabet, A was reused, but to differentiate this second run, the number 2 was added. For example, the year 1783 was marked, A2 (or 2A).
When Finland transferred to Russian rule in 1810, the alphabet and numbering was reset to the beginning, with 1810 being represented by the letter A. Currently we are on the ninth run of the alphabet; the 2016 date mark is P9.
Fineness mark history dates back to the 17th Century and the Oltermanni Line, when a content sample was taken from the precious metal object and checked. Only one fineness was initially used in gold and silver precious metal objects. Gold objects then began to be produced in several finenesses in the late 17th Century, and silverware in the mid-19th Century. When precious metal alloys begun to be made in different concentrations, fineness marks were official introduced. Silver fineness marks 13 and 13L (luoti) and 78 and 84 (Russian zolotnik) are in use concurrently. The silver marks that started being used were the old luoti measuring units of 13 and 13L, and also the Russian-style zolotnik units of 78 and 84.
In the 1890s fineness measurement swapped to metric and marks then showed fineness in parts per thousand; for example, the silver mark 813H. This means that the object was made of a mixture comprising of at least 81.3% silver (or 813 per 1000), the remainder most commonly being copper.
During the period 1895-2008 regulations stipulated that gold marks have oval base-form and silver marks rectangular. Since 2009, the base-form of fineness marks has been unregulated.
From the 17th Century it was customary that the elders of the trade, that is, Oltermanni, verified the precious metal content of objects. The first form of the inspection mark, or hallmark, was called the Oltermanni Line and had a sawtooth pattern made by the Oltermanni gouging the test object.
The Oltermanni Line was replaced nationally in 1754 by a three-crown hallmark. When Finland came under Russian rule the three-crowns hallmark became a single crown in 1810. This crown mark is still in use as the Finnish hallmark.
Previously, from 1925 to 1998, the same hallmark was used for imported goods, but with the addition of an oval base. Export goods were, in turn, marked with the crown on an angular base from 1974 to 1998.
(THIS PICTURE FOR DISPLAY ONLY)
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