Four Years in Secessia, Adventures Within and Beyond the Union Lines: Embracing a Great Variety of Facts, Incidents and Romance of the War. By Junius Henri Browne. Hartford: O.D.Case and Company, 1865. Hardcover, 450 pages. .
ILLUSTRATIONS.
OUR CAPTURE BEFORE VICKSBURG Fronticepiece.
THE BOHEMIANS AS HOUSEKEEPERS 42
BOHEMIA AS A BELLIGERENT. 66
GUNBOAT FIGHT AT FORT PILLOW 170
UNION BUSHWHACKERS ATTACKING REBEL CAVALRY. 346
THE ESCAPED CORRESPONDENTS ENJOYING THE NEGRO'S HOSPITALITY 370
CONFERENCE OF THE CORRESPONDENTS WITH BUSH- WHACKERS. 386
THE BOHEMIANS CLIMBING THE MOUNTAINS 394
CONTENTS-
CHAPTER I.
THE WAR CORRESPONDENT.
His Anomalous Position— A Ruralists Idea of a Bohemian-— How the Name was Obtained. — Genesis and Purpose of the War Correspondent — His Duty and Obligation.— The Difficulty of his Task.— His Habits, Pecoliarities, and Defects.— What he Requires of the Service.— His Jost Claims . • 13
CHAPTER II.
THE FREMONT CAMPAIGN.
life in Jefferson City, Mo.— Effect of the Sudden Change from Metropolitan life.— A Contrast to the Glory of War.— A Romantio Soldier.— A Camp Picture— The Original Bohemian Brigade 23
CHAPTER III.
CAMP-LIFE AT SYRACUSE, MO.
Effects of Camp-Life.— Sentimental Reflections on War.— A Modem Penthesilea— Woman's Military Influence Beautifully Exemplified.— The Rural Females of Missouri. — Their Unpoetic Appearance 21
CHAPTER IV.
A NIGHT WITH THE FLEAS.
Unanticipated Attack. — Inexplicable Sensations. — Prosaic Revelation. — Our Intense Suffering. — A Novel Remedy. — Extraordinary Ride through a Tempestuous Night — Finale of the Tragi-Comedy S3
CHAPTER V.
ROMANCE AND RREALITY IN CAMP.
Conversion of a Fair Seoessionist. — Disadvantage of Securing a Guard. — A Grand Mule Concert. — Sonorous Imitations of the Opera. — High-Art Jackassical Performances— Terror Excited by the Unique Entertainment 38
CHAPTER VI.
ON THE MARCH.
Brutality of Officers. — Shameful Treatment of a Woman. — Change of Base. — A Model Missouri Hotel — Resumption of the March. — Bohemian Philosophy.— Its Necessity in the Field 42
CHAPTER VII.
WILSON'S CREEK.
Visit to the Battle-Ground— Its Appearanoe. — Cause of Sigel's Discomfiture. — Soenes on the Field.— Ghastly Spectacles.— The Sleeping Camp.— A Skyey Omen 46
CHAPTER VIII.
ZAGONY'S RIDE TO DEATH
Charge of the Fremont Body-Guard. — Its Desperate Character. — The Heavy Loss. —Scene of the Engagement — Description of the Battle. — Progress of the Ride.— Flight of the Foe.— After the Struggle 49
CHAPTER IX.
THE RETROGRADE MOVEMENT.
The Return to Rolla.— A Ghastly Jest — A Brace of Fair Bohemians. — The Discrediting Effect of Camp Attire.— A Night in a Barn. — Potency of an Army Pass 65
CHAPTER X.
SECESSION IN MISSOURI
Tbt Feminine Secessionists of St Louis.— Their Parrot-like Raving.— Their Resemblance to Bamaby Rudge*s Raven. — Harmlessness of Pettiooated Traitors. —Sale of Rebel Property.— Curious Scene. — A Mysterious Article . . 61
CHAPTER XI.
BATTLE OF DONELSON
March from Fort Henry to the Field.— Troubles of the Correspondents— Difficultyof Subsistence. — Courage of our Soldiers. — Examples of Sacrifice and Heroisnu — Gallant Charge. — Amateur Sharpshooting. — Mortification oif the Enemy after the Surrender. — Desperation of the Rebels. — Repudiation of the Five to One Boast*— Ghastly Wounds. — Touching Incidents .... 66
CHAPTER XII.
AFTER THE BATTLE.
Extracts from my NoteBook.— Sensations of a Reasoning Man Under Fire.— A Novel in Brief— A Faithless Woman and a Soorifioed Lorer.— A Juvanile Hero. — Difficulty of Dying on the Field. — Ultra-professional Correspondents. Ludicrous Incidents of their Journalistic Devotion . . . . 78
CHAPTER XIII.
OCCUPATION OF COLUMBUS.
The Departure for the Bebel Stronghold. — Uncertainty of the Situation. — Doubts and Apprehensiona. — Pleasant Disoovery. — Enthusiasm on Board the Flotilla. — Abortive Defenses of the Enemy. — Evidences of Excessive Orthodoiy. — Superstition and Swagger. — Pikes and Long Knives in Abundance . 87
CHAPTER XIV.
BATTLE OF PEA RIDGE
The Three Days Fighting. — Desperate Struggle for the Possession of the Train. — Sigel's Heroism. — Tremendous Contest for the Guns. — Hand-to-Hand Combats.— An Epic of War.— Triumph of the Bepublic.— Ketreat of the Eebels, 93
CHAPTER XV.
PROSE AND POESY OF WAR.
Facts and Fancies from Pea Ridge. — The Preservative Power of Tobacco. — A Song- Book doing the Work of a Bible. — Mysterious Instance of Sympathy. — Another Fabian del Franchi. — Painful Fate of a Union Lieutenant — A Reckless Indianian. — A Magnanimous RebeL-A Gallant Iowa Colonel, 103
CHAPTER XVI.
INDIAN ATROCITIES.
Aboriginal Outrages and Barbarities at Pea Ridge. — Minds of the Savages Poisoned by the Rebels. — Whisky and Gunpowder Stimulant. — The Indians Scalp Friend and Foe Alike. — Slaughter of the Red Men by their own Allies 109
CHAPTER XVII.
BENIGHTED ARKANSAS.
Semi-Barbarism of the People. — Benton County as an Example. — Extent of the Conscription. — Modern Harpies in the Shape of Women. — The Loyal Sentiment of the State. — Chivalrous Mode of its Suppression . . . 113
CHAPTER XVIII
DOWN THE MISSISsIPPI
A Weary Siege. — Inaneness of Eiustence on the Flotilla. — Monotony and Dreariness of the Scenes. — Melancholy Character of the Mighty River. — Out in the Night— A Celestial Symbol — A Canine Convert-— A Perplexed Correspondent and Would be bohemian 117
CHAPTER XIX.
INAUGURATION OF BATTERY-RUNNING.
The Carondelet and Pittsburg Defying the Guns of Island No. 10.— Preparations for the Hazardous Enterprise. — nes on the Flag-Ship. — Departure of the Pittsburg. — An Anxious Period. — The Artillery of the Rebels and of Heaven — Thunder, Lightuing, and Gunpowder. — Safe Passage of the Union Vesse;s 123
CHAPTER XX.
SURRENDER OF ISLAND NO. X
A Mysterious Vessel astern. — Preparations for Battle on the Benton. — Proposition from the Enemy to Surrender. — Unoonditional Terms. asked. — The Rebel Prisoners and their Opinions. — Curious Scene. — Feminine Accompaniments to a Siege 128
CHAPTER XXI
SHILOH.
Desperate Determination of the South. — Confidence of the Enemy. — Cause of the Early Action. — The First Day's Fighting. — Fearful Struggle. — Intensity of the Excitement. — Recklessness of Life. — Panic-stricken Regiments. — ArrIval of General BuelL— The Second Day's Fighting.— Defeat of the Foe . 135
CHAPTER XXII.
OFF FORT PILLOW.
Ravages of the Musquitos. — Their Secession Prodiyities. — Battles between the Insects and Correspondents. — Anecdote of General Pope. — Discovery of an Unexpected Official 147
CHAPTER XXIII.
LIFE ON THE FLOTILLA
Profane Captain. — Piety of Commodore Foote.— Interruption of Religions Service. — Easter Sunday on the Flag-ship.--Horrible Persecutions of Unionists in Tennessee and Arkansas.— A Loyal Man Crucified— Odd-Blooded Murders in the South 151
CHAPTER XXIV.
FEATURES OF SECESSIA.
Melancholy SaidQe of a Slave. — Triumph of the American Eagle. — Reminiscence of John A. Murrell— Hia Decease a Loss to the Secession Oaaae . .156
CHAPTER XXV.
MAYING IN ARKANSAS.
A Beautiful Day. — Prodigality of Nature. — Assault of Gnats and Sand-Flies. — Ridiculous Adventures. — An Altered Physiognomy.— Saturnine Reflections. — A New Jeremiad 159
CHAPTER XXVI.
COMMODORE FOOTE'S FAREWELL.
Impressive Scene on the Flag-Ship. — Address of the Commodore. — Emotion of the sailors —Exciting Tug-Chase 164
CHAPTER XXVII
NAVAL ENGAGEMENT AT FORT PILLOW.
Unexpected Appearance of the Hostile Vessels. — Commencement of the Attack. —-Character of the Enemy's Boats. — Warm Work on a Warm Day. — The Rebel Sharpshooters. — A Galhmt Captain and Determined Lieutenant. — Explosion of a Rebel Ram. — A Paymaster acting aa Gunner. — Incidents of the Fight — Victory Decided in our Favor . . . . .r , , . 169
CHAPTER XXVIII
FALL OF MEMPHIS.
A Gasconading Rebel — The Brilliant Gunboat Fight — The Yessels Engaged. — The Nautiod Situation. — Commencement of the Action. — Union Rams Taking Part — Increased Warmth of the Contest. — Sinking of the General Lowell. Magnanimity of our Seamen. — Flight of the Southern Commodore. — Explosion of the Jeff Thompson — Harmony of Northerners and Southerners after the City's Occupation 179
CHAPTER XXIX.
THE EXPEDITION UP WHITE RIVER.
Its Object and Strength. — Cautious Progress. — Character of the Stream. — Desperation of the Arkansans. — Progress of the Fleet — The Engagement near St Charles. — Position of the Hostile Fortifications. — Explosion of the Mound City. — Terrible Destruction by Steam. — Horrible Scenes of SuflTering. — Inhumanity and Barbarity of the Rebels. — Their Defeat and Punishment . 192
CHAPTER XXX.
THE BRAGG-BUELL CAMPAIGN. ,
Trip from Louisville to Frankfort — The occupation of the Kentucky Capital by the Enemy. — Sadden Conversion of Romantic 'Women to Loyalty. — The Inauguration of the Pseudo-Governor. — Sudden Exodua of the Usurpers ; their Strange Self-Delusion. — Bohemians in the Horse Market — The Battle of Perryville. — A Journalistic Rebel Colonel — Sicetch of John H. Morgan. . 201
CHAPTER XXXI.
THE RAM ARKANSAS DEFYING OUR FLEET.
The Expedition up the Yazoo. — Unexpected Meeting of the Rebel Monster. — Her Engagement with the Union Vessels. — Their Discomfiture and Retreat — Her Passage of the Union Flotilla. — Her Exposure to a Terrible Fire. — Explosion on Board the Lancaster. — Casualties on both Sides. — Bohemian Reflections on Running Batteries. ....«,.. 213
CHAPTER XXXII.
PLANTATION LIFE IN THE SOUTH
Expedition in Search of Cotton, Cattle, and Guerrillas. — Plantations along the Mississippi — Anxiety of the Negroes for Freedom. — Sad Scenes on Shore. — An African Andromache. — A Misoegenated Southern Family , . 224
CHAPTER XXXIII.
CAPTURE OP THE TRIBUNE CORRESPONDENTS.
Reflections on our Return to Freedom. — The Effect of Imprisonment. — Rapidity of Restoration to One's Normal Condition. — Running the Batteries of Vicksburg. — Incident of the Undertaking. — Terrible Fire from the Rebel Strong- hold. — Complete Wreck of our ExpnBdition. — Brilliant Prospects for Dying. — Adventures of the Bohemians. — Grotesque Appearance of tne Prisoners, 229
CHAPTER XXXIV
OUR IMPRISONMENT AT VICKSBURG.
Consignment to a Mississippi Jail. — Repulsiveness of the Place.— Character of the Inmates. — Rebel Idea of Comfortable Quarters. — A Fragrant Spot-*- Parole of the Captives. — Our Removal to the Court-House. — Courteous Treatment — Kindness of the Citizens. — Peculiarities of Union Men. — Miscomprehension of the Enemy. 240
CHAPTER XXXV.
AT JACKSON AND ATLANTA.
The Marble-Yard Prison. — Visit to the Appeal Office. — Kindness of the Editors. — Tremendous Excitement and Panic at te Mississippi CapitaL — A Terrified and Fugacious Mayor. — The Missiasippian Office Preparing for an Exodus. — Curiosity Excited by the Yankees. — Southern Fondness for Discussion and I Rhodomontade. — Our Continuous Inflictions along the Route.— Incidents of * the Journey. — The Whitehall Street Prison. — A Pertinacious Hibernian,— Abusive Editorial in * Newspaper, and its Effects. • . • 847
CHAPTER XXXVL
THE LIBBY PRISON.
Arrival at Richmond. — Our Reception from the Union Officers. — Mistaken Idea about Human Endurance. — The First Shock in Prison. — Entomological Researches — Sickness and Sentiment. — Violation of The Tribune Correspondents' Paroles — Character of the Rebel Commissioner. — Determination of the Enemy to Hold unto the End of the War 257
CHAPTER XXXVII.
THE LIBBY PRISON
Arrival and Release of Union Officers.— Therapeutic Power of the Fall of Vicksburg. — Its Wholesome Effbct on the Prisoners. — Gradual Resignation to Confinement — Means of Killing Time. — Journalistic Desire to Write, and the Impossibility of its Indulgence.— Exhibition of the Loyal Citives. — Summer Costumes .—Cruelty of our Keepers. — Petty Meanness of the Commandant — The Drawing of Lots. — Horror of the Scene. — Barbarous Treatment of Citizens. — Consideration Shown the Officers. — Removal of Tha Tribune Correspondents 263
CHAPTER XXXVIII
THE KITCHEN CABINET AT THE LIBBY.
Disappointment and Disgust in Prison Life. — The Union Officers as Servants and Scullions.— Journalistic Cooking and its Trials. — The First Breakfast — Horrors of the Culinary Art — Interior View of the Kitchen. — Grotesque and Hortifying Scenes. — Battles of the Saucepans and Skillets.— Complaint, Clamor, and Confusion ' . . 277
CHAPTER XXXIX.
CELL-LIFE IN RICHMOND.
Prison within a Prison. — Full Appreciation of Sterne's Starling. — Evil Destiny of The Tribune Correspondents. — One of our many Failures and its Result. — Interior View of a Rebel Cell. — The Rare Society we found there. — Glance at the Gross Corruption in Secessia. — Novel Means of making Confederate Currency. — Horrors of Southern Dungeons 284
CHAPTER XL.
CASTLE THUNDER.
Contrast between the Castle and Libby. — A Southern Bombastes. — Cruel Treatment of Prisoners. — Absurd Charges against Innocent Men. — The Prison a Regular Bastile. — Eneitic and Enterprising Captives. — Difficulty of Obtaining Supplies Sent from the North. — Peculation and Plundering of the Chivalry. — Their Begging and Trading Proclivities. — Their Ridiculous Assumptions and Exposure.— Bohemian Arrivals. — Comparative Comfort of the Correspondants— Rebel Anxiety to Purchase Treasury Notes.— Campaigning with the Small Box 296
CHAPTER XLL
EXECUTION OF A LOYAL TENNESSEAN.
Brief Account of his Antecedents. — His Attachment to the Union Oause. — His Betrayal — His Gruel Treatment in Priaon. — A Second Judas. — Conviction on false Evidence. — His Wretched Condition. — The Closing Scene. — An Inhuman Detective. — Revolting Spectacle at the Gallows . .... 307
CHAPTER XLII.
SALISBURY PENITENTIARY.
Our Removal from Richmond to Salisbury. — Character of our Companions. — Troubles of Transportation. — Strange Scene and Sensation at Petersburg. — Arrival at the North Carolina Prison. — Interior View of our Quarters. — A Heavy Blow for my Confrdre. — The Horrors of Southern Captivity. — Difficulty of their Realisation 313
CHAPTER XLIII.
PHOTOGRAPHS OP HORROR.
Great Influx of Prisoners at Salisbury. — Barbarity of the Enemy. — Intense SufFering and Wholesale Murder of the Captives. — Pen Pictures of the Prison. — Agonizing Scenes. — Enlistment of our Soldiers in the Rebel ServiCe. — Shuddering Strangeness of the Past. — The Secretary of War Responsible for the Sacrifice of Ten Thousand Lives 321
CHAPTER XLIV.
TUNNELS AND TUNNELING.
Respect for Tunnels. — Their attractive and absorbing Power. — Tunneling at Castle Thunder. — Difficulty of their Construction. — The Libby Prison Enterprise. — Uncertainty of their Completion. — Frequency of Excavations at SailsbuRy. — Desires to obtain Subterranean Freedom. — Ideal Regrets . 333
CHAPTER XLV.
MUGGING.
The Meaning of the Term. — Who the Muggers were. — Their Plan of Operation. — Character of their Victims. — Indifference of the Authorities on the Subject —Flogging of Northern Deserters.— Their Cruel Treatment— Mugging in Richmond and Salisbury. — Its Redaction to a System. — Our Own Soldiers in the Business.— A Vigilance Committee Proposed. . . \ . 339
CHAPTER XLVL
DESPERATE ESCAPE.
Constant Effort of Prisoners for Freedom.— Practicability vernu Plannfaig.— A Trio of Desperadoes.- Cause of their Extraordinary Gayety.— Their Remarkable Exodus. 347
CHAPTER XLVII.
UNION BUSHWHACKERS.
Cause of Bushwhackers. — RepulsiTeness of the Custom. — Its Excuse. — Their Bufferings and Wrongs.— ColliBions with Home-Guards. — Victories of Union Men. — Terror of their Name. — The Vendetta in the Mountains. — Virtues of the Southern Loyalists. — War of Extermination. — A Fearful Avenger, 350
CHAPTER XLVIII.
THE ESCAPE
Our Efforts Useless in the Salisbury Hospitals. — Bohemian Talent for Forgery. — Mode of our Exodus from the Penitentiary. — Sensations of Freedom.— -Our First Night in a Bam. — A Long Fast — A Rebel Officer Sound on the Main Question. — Commencement of the Journey toward Liberty. — Our First Two Nights* March. — Hunger, Cold, and Exhaustion. — Our Assistance from the NegroeS 368
CHAPTER XLIX.
THE MARCH TO FREEDOM
The Third, Fourth, and Fifth Nights Out— Missing the Road.— Extremely Cold Weather. — Our Sufferings in a Bam. — The Slaves our Faithful Friends. — Torture of the Boot Revived. — Our Pursuit and Masterly Retreat — Our Reinforcement with Mules and Whisky. — Incidents along the Route. — Arrival in Wilkes County.— The Haven of Rest . . , . . .369
CHAPTER L.
THE HAVEN OF REST.
mie Union Settlement in Wilkeo County. — Frequent Change of Base. — Christmas in a Barn. — Ghostly Marches. — Alarms and Adventures in Tadkin County. — A Bohemian Model Artist — An Eventful Night— Storm and Sentiment — Love-Making in a Tempest — Parting with our Loyal Friends. — Their Devotion and Regret — Battles between Unionists and Rebel Home-Guards. — Inextingoiahable Fidelity of the People 377
CHAPTER LI.
THE MARCH ONWARD.
Accession of Escaped Prisoners. — Resumption of our Journey. — Excessive Roughness of the Route. — Character of North Carolina Roads. — Flanking of Wilkesboro*. — Losing our Way. — Crossing the Tadkin. — Skeptical Women. — Interview with Bushwhackers. — Consoling Counsel — Passage of the Blue Ridge. — Hard March over the Mountains. — Narrow Escape from Union Rifles. — Contradictory Reports about our Lines 386
CHAPTER LII.
THE HEGIRA IN EAST TENNESSEE.
Traveling in that Region. — Passage of the Piney and Stone Mountains. — Crossing the Watauga River. — Invitation to a Frolic. — Peculiar Season for our Declination. — Recklessness Engendered by our Situation. — Meeting with Dan £liiS| the Pilot, and his Party. — His Kindness and Generosity. — The Effect of Apple Brandy. — Mysterious Disappearance of a Bohemian. — Severe Marching.---train on the Kervous System. — Reports of the Rebels in our Vicinity. — A Valuable Steed and his Fate. — Anxiety of oar Guides to Meet the Enemy . , , . 399
CHAPTER LIII.
DAN ELLIS THE FAMOUS PILOT.
Sketch of his Life and Career. — His Uncompromising Loyalty. — Efforts to Suppress Him. — His Success as a Pilot. — Mode of Joining his Expeditions. — Adventures and Narrow Escapes. — His Attachment to his Carbine. — His Opinion of the Confederacy. — A Rebel OfiLcer'a Views of his Usefulness to the Union Cause * • . 409
CHAPTER LIV.
THE NAMELESS HEROINE— UNDER THE STARS AND STRIPES ONCE MORE.
Pursuit of the Enemy. — Alarm and Separation of our Party. — Our Fair Guide. — Appearances and Antecedent8.--<)ur Continued March. — Confiscation of Horses. — Our Last Night Out — Sensations on Approaching the Union Lines. — Chagrin of the Rebels at our Escape. — Their Absurd Stories about the Departed Bohemians . . . . ¦ 417
CHAPTER LV.
THE SOUTH AND THE WAR.
The Popular Idea of the South. — Its Fallaciousness. — Character of the Southerners. — Their Best Society. — Slavery add its Pernicious Influence. — The Real Cause of the Rebellion. — The Great Revolution in Public Opiuion. — Disgraceful History of the Past — Our National Atonement . • . 432
CHAPTER LVI.
THE FUTURE OF THE SOUTH.
Its Undeveloped Resources. — Its Wealthy Planters and the Northern Fanners.— Slave Labor and Its Defects. — The Blighting Efifect of the Peculiar Institution. — Contrast between the Free and Slave States. — Occupation of Secessia by the Yankees. — The Changes Consequent thereupon. — The Much- Vexed Negro Question. — The Rights of the Freedmen . . • • . 441
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